作者:董明义
1. anyone作\"任何人;有人\"讲时,常用于疑问句或否定句中。例如:
Is anyone in the classroom?
anyone 与any one的区别:
anyone常用于泛指,后面不接of短语作定语,但可以用其它介词短语限定范围,并且只用于指人;any one后可以用of短语限制范围或提供语境暗示,可用于指人或物。例如:
You may choose any one of these.
2. need作实义动词时,后面可接名词、动词不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语。但接动词不定式与动词-ing时有些区别。接不定式,表示主语是动作的执行者,具有主动意味;接动词-ing形式,表示主语是动作的承受者,具有被动意味。例如:
These shoes need mending.
3. too...to...意思是\"太......以至不能......\",表示否定意义。例如:
The boy is too young to go to school.
此句可转换为:
The boy is so young that he can\'t go to school. / The boy is not old enough to go to school.
4. 动词see后面可接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语,表示动作正在进行;也可接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,表示动作的全过程结束了。类似的动词还有:hear, feel, watch等。例如:
I saw the old man get on the bus. 我看到那位老人上了公共汽车。
I saw the old man getting on the bus. 我看见那位老人正在上公共汽车。
5. turn down意为\"关小、调低\",其反义词组为turn up,都是由\"动词+副词\"构成的短语动词,后面可跟宾语。当宾语是名词时,放在副词的前、后均可;当宾语是代词时,只能放在副词之前。我们学过的类似的短语动词还有:turn off, put on, put away, write down, put up, think over, give back, turn on, turn up, take off 等。
6. 形容词poor, rich等前面加上定冠词the表示一类人(物);作主语时,其后的谓语动词一般用复数形式。例如:
The poor have to work for the rich in old days.
7. in the 1920s意为\"在二十世纪二十年代\"。表示\"几十年代\"时,可用基数词的复数形式,也可用阿拉伯数字加\"s\"或加\"\'s\"。例如:
That happened in the nineteen eighties(1980s或1980\'s).