授课人:郭礼文 时间: 班级:
一、目标再现
1.能够运用过去时态来谈论过去的经历和运用现在完成时来谈论由过去开始,与现在相联系或有影响的经历。
2.学习和归纳有关环境和污染方面词汇,且能够正确运用它们来描述所见所闻。
3.进一步学习现在完成时态,特别是它的时间状语的表达法:for…或since…
4.归纳总结哪些动词是延续性动词,哪些是非延续性动词,以及它们之间的转换。特别是与一段时间连用时只能使用延续性动词。
5.培养自己的环境意识,养成良好的行为举止,能运用所学知识来报道周边的环境问题。
二、重点难点解析
1.have been (to) 与 have gone (to)
have been与have gone都表示现在完成时态,表明动作已经发生了,但它们之间的含义是有不同的。
1)\"have been in + 地点名词\"或者\"have been + 表位置的副词\"含义是\"在某地呆得过多久\"。例如:
Mr Zhang has been in this school for ten years.He knows everyone here.
张先生在这所学校呆了十年。
I have been here since I began to work.It\'s just like my home.
我工作以来一直呆在这里。
2)\"have been to +地点名词\"表示\"曾经到某地去过(多少次)\"。例如:
Miss Brown has been to China twice.That\'s why she speaks Japanese very well.
布朗小姐来过中国两次。
Have you ever been here before?
你以前到过这儿吗?
3)\"have gone to +地点名词\"或\"have gone + 表位置的副词\"其含义是\"到某地去了\"(人已不在此地),注意:这种结构不用于第一人称,也不用于第二人称,它仅用于第三人称。请看下面一段对话:
A: Where\'s Tom?
B: He\'s gone to the shop.
A: Has Mary gone there with him?
B: No, she hasn\'t.
2. Businessmen are afraid of newspapers and TV stations. 生意人害怕报纸和电台。
be afraid of… 意思是\"害怕……\"。afraid是形容词,在句中只能作表语,后跟名词或动词的-ing形式(指自己不能决定而突然发生的事),与frightened的意思相同。be afraid后也可跟动词不定式表示\"害怕做某事\"即:be afraid to do sth.。另外,afraid后还可跟that引导的宾语从句,意思是\"担心,恐怕\"。例如:
(1)I am afraid of mice. 我害怕老鼠。
(2)Don\'t be afraid of making mistakes. 不要怕犯错误。
(3)I\'m afraid to tell her the truth. 我不敢告诉她真相。
(4)I am afraid you are ill. 恐怕你是病了。
(5 )I\'m afraid (that) we may not catch the train. 我担心我们可能赶不上火车。
3. As soon as other people hear it, they go out with their rubbish and throw it in.